This section traces the development of housing in Greenhill, Swansea, from the late 18th century through to the present day. Through maps, reports, and local histories, we uncover how housing evolved in response to industrialisation, poverty, and public health needs\u2014and how these homes shaped, and were shaped by, the people who lived in them.<\/p>\n
In the mid-1700s, Swansea remained a relatively compact town. Samuel and Nathaniel Buck\u2019s 1748 East View of Swansea<\/em> illustrates High Street as an avenue of large Georgian houses with expansive gardens stretching to the river. To the north, more modest workers\u2019 cottages clustered near the emerging industries. The growth of copper works at Landore (1717) and the Cambrian Pottery (1764) drew waves of labourers into the area, demanding new housing stock.<\/p>\n By the 1790s, sketches by Paul Padley (1795) show St John\u2019s Church on the town\u2019s edge, surrounded mostly by fields. But by 1823, John Evans\u2019 map already reveals dense housing stretching north along High Street toward Dyfatty. Unlike the fashionable Georgian terraces at the southern end of town, Greenhill\u2019s housing was hastily erected, often by speculative builders with little regard for quality or sanitation. Homes were cramped, dark, and vulnerable to damp and disease.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_margin=”20″ constrain_group_7=”yes” bottom_margin=”20″ top_margin_tablet=”15″ constrain_group_9=”yes” bottom_margin_tablet=”15″ top_margin_phone=”15″ constrain_group_11=”yes” bottom_margin_phone=”15″ text_color=”light” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” gradient_type=”default” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” 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border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”skip-lazy-load”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1757589648000{padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 12px !important;padding-left: 15px !important;}” text_direction=”default”]Image:<\/strong> 1823, John Evans\u2019 map[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_margin=”20″ constrain_group_7=”yes” bottom_margin=”20″ top_margin_tablet=”15″ constrain_group_9=”yes” bottom_margin_tablet=”15″ top_margin_phone=”15″ constrain_group_11=”yes” bottom_margin_phone=”15″ text_color=”light” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” gradient_type=”default” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color=”#216443″ background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” enable_animation=”true” animation=”grow-in” animation_easing=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” column_padding_type=”default” gradient_type=”default”][image_with_animation image_url=”774″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”slide-up” disable_mobile_animation=”true” animation_easing=”easeInOutCubic” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”skip-lazy-load”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1757589809750{padding-top: 8px !important;padding-right: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 12px !important;padding-left: 15px !important;}” text_direction=”default”]Image:<\/strong> St John’s, High Street, Paul Padley 1792[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”5%” bottom_padding=”5%” left_padding_desktop=”27vw” constrain_group_2=”yes” right_padding_desktop=”27vw” top_padding_tablet=”12%” constrain_group_3=”yes” bottom_padding_tablet=”12%” left_padding_tablet=”20vw” constrain_group_4=”yes” right_padding_tablet=”20vw” top_padding_phone=”12%” constrain_group_5=”yes” bottom_padding_phone=”12%” left_padding_phone=”7vw” constrain_group_6=”yes” right_padding_phone=”7vw” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” advanced_gradient_angle=”0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” gradient_type=”default” shape_type=””][vc_column column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”0px” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”static” advanced_gradient_angle=”65″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” column_padding_type=”advanced” gradient_type=”advanced” advanced_gradient_display_type=”linear”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” column_padding_type=”default” gradient_type=”default”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”]\n Two pivotal surveys shed light on the appalling housing conditions in mid-19th-century Greenhill and nearby areas:<\/p>\n George T. Clark\u2019s 1849 Survey<\/strong> revealed extreme overcrowding and poor sanitation. Swan Street had 38 houses and 28 outdoor privies. In Willow Street, one common privy served eight houses. Back Street hosted 117 houses\u201464 of which had no toilet facilities at all. Cesspools overflowed. Water was collected from spouts or shallow wells shared by dozens. Poor drainage caused sewage to seep into homes, especially those built downhill from cemeteries.<\/p>\n Samuel Gant\u2019s 1852 Map<\/strong> provided granular insight into every downpipe, cesspool, and privy in the town. It recorded a staggering lack of infrastructure, highlighting how inadequate housing was exacerbated by the absence of piped water and waste systems.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Here is Clark\u2019s description of the streets around St John\u2019s Church copied from his report:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cThe floor of one is inundated by the liquid contents of the pit, so that the seat can be reached only by means of large stones. One is shut up, and another very dilapidated, and one too filthy to be entered. The residents buy most of their drinking water at this time of the year, as they can rarely get any at Dyfatty spout without waiting for hours.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n The reputation of this street is very indifferent; the courts and back gardens are dirt. The public way is the exception, and when I saw it was well swept and in good order. Back Street<\/strong> and its courts number 117 houses, of which 64 are without privies.<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cThe privies\u201d says Mr Davis, \u201cin the courts out of this street (for there is one in most of them) I have reckoned as belonging to the houses in the front of the street. Many families have no place to go to, and there is but an open pit, full in one court. The dwellers get their water at the pump and the spout. There is also a draw well belonging to one or two houses near the upper end. Six new, but filthy, privies opposite Owen Row <\/strong>are included in the account of Mariner Street<\/strong>.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Census data from this period confirmed severe overcrowding-some two-room homes housed up to 12 people. The residents, primarily industrial labourers and Irish immigrants fleeing famine, were especially vulnerable to outbreaks of cholera and typhoid.<\/p>\n In the 1870s, campaigning began against notorious courts such as Howell\u2019s Court and Regent Court\u2014densely packed alleys synonymous with crime, prostitution, and disease. The passing of the Artisans\u2019 and Labourers\u2019 Dwellings Improvement Act of 1875<\/strong> empowered Swansea Council to purchase and demolish unfit housing.<\/p>\n However, redevelopment had mixed motives. Instead of rebuilding affordable housing for the poor, the cleared area gave rise to Alexandra Road<\/strong>, lined with prestigious public buildings\u2014the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Dynevor School, and the Central Library. Many poor residents displaced from these slums simply moved to equally overcrowded homes nearby in Greenhill, which were not addressed by the reforms.<\/p>\n Here are some articles, all taken from The Cambrian<\/em> newspaper, which illustrate the sort of discussions that were being held at the time:<\/p>\n 5 Sep. 1873: \u201ccannot some thing be done\u2026\u201d,<\/strong> available at https:\/\/newspapers.library.wales\/view\/3331982\/3331987\/28\/%22Regent%20Court%22<\/a>:<\/p>\n But the question naturally arises\u2014cannot some thing be done to raise these wretched and miserable creatures from the slough of despond and despair into which they have sunk? Cannot their condition be somewhat ameliorated? Are there no Christian philanthropic agencies which can be applied to rescue some, at least, from their degradation? Or are the denizens of our Regent-court, of our Howells-court, and other notorious localities, so polluted and fallen as to be utterly beyond the pale of reclamation ?\u2014and are they to be given up as ruined\u2014body and soul-lost for ever? Cannot our magistrates, our police, our ministers, our Christian ladies and gentlemen, our religious societies and agents, our angels of mercy, bring some combined efforts to bear upon the misery, sin, and crime, which surround us on every hand?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n 2 Apr. 1875: \u201coutwardly, at least, our town would be purified\u201d,<\/strong> available at https:\/\/newspapers.library.wales\/view\/3332468\/3332473\/21\/%22Regent%20Court%22<\/a>:<\/p>\n Now that the Corporation have, or may have, the power to undertake such a work, we recommend to their consideration the advisability of buying up and demolishing all the hovels \u2013 the dens of infamy, we have referred to, beginning at the head centre Regent-court. If these filthy alleys and courts were destroyed and wide streets and commodious houses substituted for them, outwardly, at least, our, town would be purified, and the requirements of decency would be met.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n 14 Mar. 1879: \u201cthe scheme will not benefit the artizan population at all\u201d,<\/strong> available at https:\/\/newspapers.library.wales\/view\/3334805\/3334810\/21\/%22Regent%20Court%22<\/a><\/p>\n At the time of its initiation, local trade and the public finances were in a highly prosperous condition, and the townsfolk were easily and naturally moved by the sentimental considerations that the poor and teeming population of Swansea ought to be better lodged; that to lodge them better would be to save them from vice and misery; that the scheme would clear from the face of the earth the iniquitous den and purlieus of Regent-court, and substitute a fine roadway and creditable buildings and that the whole could be achieved at a very small total loss to the public exchequer. To-day the condition of things is entirely reversed. Local trade is not brisk, nor public finances plentiful; instead of overcrowding in the borough, there are absolutely upwards of five hundred houses to let; it is now fully recognised that the evils of Regent-street and Back-street cannot be eradicated at one fell swoop but that if the degraded denizens who live on vice and crime be driven from one spot they will settle in another; it has become apparent that the scheme will not benefit the artisan population at all, but will simply open up a wide street, leading only to the residential West End, diverting the business traffic from its proper channel; and that this undesirable alteration will be a loss to the ratepayers in hard cash of at least \u00a350,000. With these striking facts before us, what wonder is it the town has become indifferent to this scheme of Mr. Yeo\u2019s?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”2%” constrain_group_1=”yes” bottom_padding=”2%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” gradient_type=”default” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” 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phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”static” advanced_gradient_angle=”65″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” column_padding_type=”advanced” gradient_type=”advanced” advanced_gradient_display_type=”linear”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bottom_padding=”3%” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”0px” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in” animation_easing=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” column_padding_type=”default” gradient_type=”default” animation_offset=”90%”][vc_custom_heading text=”Sources and References” font_container=”tag:h2|font_size:2.5vw|text_align:left” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=””][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” column_padding_type=”default” gradient_type=”default”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”]\n [vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_color=”#FFD768″ scene_position=”center” top_padding=”5%” constrain_group_1=”yes” bottom_padding=”5%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” gradient_type=”default” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default”…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":201,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-283","page","type-page","status-publish"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=283"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1228,"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/283\/revisions\/1228"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.matthewshouse.org.uk\/greenhillgardens\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Sanitation, Overcrowding, and Health Crises<\/h2>\n
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Slum Clearance and the Rise of Alexandra Road<\/h3>\n
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\nhttps:\/\/www.swansea.gov.uk\/swanseamuseum<\/a><\/li>\n
\nhttps:\/\/www.swansea.gov.uk\/swanseamuseum<\/a><\/li>\n
\nWest Glamorgan Archives: https:\/\/www.swansea.gov.uk\/westglamorganarchives<\/a><\/li>\n
\nAvailable via Google Books: https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/books\/details?id=OCf6ykkhMh4C<\/a><\/li>\n
\nArchive details: https:\/\/www.swansea.gov.uk\/westglamorganarchives<\/a><\/li>\n
\nGower Society Journal Archive: https:\/\/gowersociety.org.uk<\/a><\/li>\n
\nWelsh Newspapers Online<\/a><\/li>\n
\nAccess via Ancestry: https:\/\/www.ancestry.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n
\nhttps:\/\/democracy.swansea.gov.uk<\/a><\/li>\n
\nhttps:\/\/archive.swanseahistoryweb.org<\/a><\/li>\n
\nA personal and moving account rooted in Greenhill, reflecting on community, place, and memory \u2014 ideal for understanding the emotional and social layers of the area.
\nhttps:\/\/www.cambriabooks.co.uk\/product\/pieces-of-us<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][nectar_global_section id=”184″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"